APA 7th Edition

Below are some basic rules to follow when creating a reference list:

• Begin your reference list on a new page
• The word References should be centered and bold at the top of the page
• Double-space your reference list
• For each author, list the last name first followed by the initials for their first and middle names
• Arrange your reference list alphabetically by the last name of the author
• Use a hanging indent after the first line of your citation

Basic Structure of a Citation

Authors may be individual people, multiple people, institutions, organizations, or a combination.

• List authors in the order they appear on the source
• If there is no author listed, the title will be the first item listed in citation
• You must include the names of all authors up to 20
• Use the ampersand symbol "&" symbol before the last author listed

Different sources require a different date format. For example:

Depending on what you are citing, your title will be formatted differently:

• Italicize titles of books, journals and magazines
• Do not italicize titles of articles or book chapters
• Newspapers can be tricky:
  • If the source has an associated newspaper, italicize the title of the newspaper
  • If the source doesn't have an associated newspaper, italicize the title of the article
  • View News Articles examples under the Citing Articles tab for examples

  Depending on what you are citing, the source section of your citation will be formatted differently. For example:

  What are you citing?	Source Components:
  Journal Articles	Name of journal, volume(issue) page numbers, DOI
  Magazine Articles	Name of magazine, volume(issue) if given, page if given, URL
  Books	Publisher
  Web Sources	Website name, URL

  For more detailed examples, please visit the Citing Articles, Citing Books, Citing Websites, and Citing Media tabs.